Effect of Phone Type on Texting Frequency

Effect of Ph single Type on Texting FrequencyTexting and Mobile Phones among Fourth yr High School Students in Saint Augustines SchoolBallocanag, Brian EmilDungan, DonElliseFrancisco, Ralph VincentJacinto, Arvin JhayJavillionar, Kevin JaysonLaplana, Clifford SeanLite, GwynetteManzano, AixelNicolas, RinalynTacho, Mariella Stephanie LyneAbstractThis study was think to give an answer to the problem if there is really a significant effect of the typeof wide awake auditory sensations to the frequency of texting. The researchers distributed 24 copies of questionnaire to the Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustines School, 2014-2015, to know if how many times do they text mundane use the type of mobile phones that they pass. The Chi-Squ ar Test of Independence was used to test the null hypothesis. The researchers accepted the null hypothesis since the P-value was much than the significance level 0.05. Thus, it was concluded that the frequency of texting is not dependent on th e type of mobile phone.IntroductionMobile Phones are great for talking to someone without seeing his/her face. But theyre alike great for messaging especially text messaging, to get in touch with our loved ones and even some strangers without having a phone call which really requires cost.Often, we wink our mobile phones simply because they are smartphones and were manufactured by some of the famous companies in the field of gadgets. We care less the phones that are locally-made and classical. Sometimes, we are fond of using the popular-branded smartphones because they are being advertised in the television and we dont want to be left behind by the high-tech and industrialized world.At present, we are attracted to expensive and high-class brand of mobile phones. We often believe in some jail cell phone companies telling that their products are better than their contenders products. We are then persuaded and lured by them that we begin to patronize and buy their mobile phones wi thout so much hesitation. And our biggest and most specific reason is that, we text more when using them than when using the old-branded and normal mobile phones.Is there really a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone?Teenagers from the wealthier household and who own the brands of the clear five mobile phone manufacturer smart phones use text message slightly more frequent than teens who own the low-end standard mobile phones and from dismount income household (Pew earnings, 2009).The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between texting and the type of mobile phone.This study did not include the originality of the mobile phones that the interviewees have. It did not matter if they were imitated or not.Those Grade-9 and 4th year students of Saint Augustines School, year 2014-2015, were the ones who were interviewed.Mobile PhonesSmartphonesSmartphone, refers to mobile phone which works like personal computers, has an independent r un system. Users can install software and games provided by the third party service providers, in order to extend the function of the mobile phone. And it can connect to mobile Internet through mobile communication network followed (Kumar, March 2012).TextingFrequencyThe volume of texting among teens has risen from 50 texts a day in 2009 to 60 texts for the normal teen text user. Older teens, boys, and blacks are leading the increase. Texting is the dominant daily mode of communication between teens and all those with whom they communicate (Lenhart, 2012).Teen textingThe Pew Internet aspect shows that the heaviest texters are also the heaviest talkers. The heaviest texters (those who exchange more than 100 texts a day) are much more likely than lighter texters to say that they talk on their cell phone daily. Some 69% of heavy texters talk daily on their cell phones, compared with 46% of medium texters (those exchanging 21-100 texts a day) and 43% of light texters (those exchanging 0-20 texts a day) (Lenhart, 2012).The null hypothesis was there is no significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting.The alternative hypothesis was there is a significant effect of the type of mobile phone on the frequency of texting.MethodologyParticipantsThe 243 out of 276 Junior and Senior students of Saint Augustines School (SAS) who have mobile phones who answered the questionnaire, computer with access to internet where the articles, journals and data regarding the study were taken, 24 copies of questionnaire and the facts about texting and mobile phones were the participants of this investigatory project.ProcedureThe 24 copies of questionnaire were distributed to every column of individually classroom of the Juniors and Seniors last November 24, 2014.Through the questionnaire, the researchers asked for the follow number of the students who have smartphones and those who have regular phones. They were questioned if how many times do they text da ily- 1-5 times,6-10 times,11-15 times or 15-20 times. The result of the survey was summarized in a 24 table but later simplified to a 22 table because those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day were taken as one as well as those who text 11-15 and 16-20 times in order to make the solution to the problem less complicated.Data abbreviationA chi-square test of independence was performed to test the null hypothesis of no association between type of mobile phone and frequency of texting.ResultsThe P-value, 0.25, which was more than the significance level 0.05 provided a very strong evidence that the frequency of texting doesnt depend on the type of mobile phone. Thus, the researchers accepted the null hypothesis and it was graceful to conclude that the type of mobile phone, smartphone and regular phone, has no significant effect on the frequency of texting.DiscussionsAll the textual data were based on online articles. They were borrowed, read, analyzed, and summarized. The numeric data, w hich were gathered through a questionnaire, were summed up in a 22 table for a more concise and apprehensible look. However, they were originally summarized in a 24 table but to make it easier and faster to arrive to the answer, the researchers have chosen to just take those who text 1-5 and 6-10 times a day as one and the who text 11-15 and 16-20 times both in the row of smartphone and regular phone. There were approximately 12 % of the respondents who did not answer the questionnaire both intentionally and unexpectedly but it did not stop the researchers from proceeding to the next step.Using the numerical data, and the Chi-Square Test of Independence as the statistical tool, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom (DF), expected frequencies (Er,c) and test statistics (X2) . Er,c and X2 were move off to the nearest hundredths.The researchers used the Chi-Square Distribution table to find for the P-value which was found out to be 0.25. The null hypothesis, saying that the type of mobile phone has no significant effect on the frequency of texting, was accepted because the P-value was far higher than the significance level 0.05.AppendicesRaw Data*Students who have mobile phone 243*Students who did not answer 33*Total population 276B. Statistical ComputationsUsing the numerical data, the researchers computed for the degrees of freedom, expected frequencies, test statistic, and approximate P-value associated with the test statistic and degrees of freedom.Degrees of FreedomDF = (r 1) * (c 1)where r is the number of levels for one categorical variable, and c is the number of levels for the other categorical variable.DF = (r 1) * (c 1)=(2-1)*(2-1) =1Expected FrequenciesEr,c= (nr* nc) / nwhere Er,cis the expected frequency count for levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, nris the total number of sample observations at level r of Variable A, ncis the total number of sample observations at levelcof Variable B, and n is the total sample size.Er,c = (nr* nc) / nE1,1=( 182*91)/243= 68.16 E1,2=( 182*152)/243=113.84E2,1=( 61*91)/243=22.84 E2,2 =( 61*152)/243=38.16Test Statisitics2= (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,cwhere Or,cis the observed frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B, and Er,cis the expected frequency count at levelrof Variable A and levelcof Variable B.2= (Or,c Er,c)2/ Er,c=(67-68.16)2/68.16+(115-113.84)2/113.84+(24-22.84)2/22.84+(37-38.16)2/38.16=0.10+0.01+0.06+0.34=0.51P-valueUsing the Chi-Square Distribution TableThe first higher value than the Test Statistics, going to the right, row of 1 as the DF, was 1.32, so looking up to its P-value in the uppermost cell of its column was equal 0.25.C. QuestionnaireTo all the Juniors and Seniors,This questionnaire is very much needed for the completion of our 3rd rate Investigatory project. We ask for your active participation and honesty in answering the given questions. Thank youYours Truly,Group 2 of IV-2Year and SectionHow many are you in your classroom?Per column1. How many are you in your column?2. Who are the students who own smartphones and non-smartphones?For number 2, follow the format below.Students with smartphones ( phones with access to internet, camera, etc.)Students with regular phone (phone intended for messaging and calling, w/o access to internet and do not consist of downloadable applications.)ReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency(2011).The worldfactbook. Retrieved Sept., 14, 2014, fromhttps//www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.htmlChartered Institute of staff office and Development.Pestle analysis. 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